Factors limiting the international competitiveness of European Universities

Abstract

At present, it seems as though the era of economic and political transformation in Poland, which started in 1988 with the so-called Economic Freedom Act, the Polish ‘Round Table Talks’, and the first open parliamentary elections of June 1989, is coming to an end. This period began with the opening up of Poland to international trade, which put an end to socialistic shortages, as well as the reforms of Leszek Balcerowicz and the policy of imitative development, in which institutions typical of developed countries were adopted. The next stage of the process was massive privatization, based to a large extent on international capital inflows, the opening up of branches of new manufacturing and service companies by foreign corporations in Poland, as well as the relocation of service centers of large international corporations.