Przeglądaj wg Autor "Tokarski, Zbigniew"

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    Determining the Amount of Fines for Cartel Participants in the EU
    (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National-Louis University, 2012) Tokarski, Zbigniew
    Price-fixing, quota agreements, division of markets, the general cartel agreements, for years absorbed attention of economists and politicians who have been trying to work out effective policies to deal with this type of behavior. Despite these efforts, limiting the competition in the market through the creation of illegal agreements is still a common phenomenon in today's economy. To make sure that each participant of an illegal agreement will be justly punished multistage EC has developed a mechanism for calculating fines and systematically improves detection and level of penalties imposed to deter companies from violations of competition law.
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    Kartele - analiza przypadków
    (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu, 2008) Tokarski, Zbigniew
    Case studies can provide us with a richer information set about cartel than cross-section studies of these illegal agreements. This article investigates some of case studies cartels. It presents a variety of facts on cartel stability, duration and profitability and tries to compare the findings of these studies with cross section results based on the literature.
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    Przekrojowe badania karteli
    (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu, 2007) Tokarski, Zbigniew
    Cross-section studies of cartels have a long history that both benefits and suffers from the variety of methodological approaches that have been used to examine cartels. This article examines the evidence and results of these varied empirical studies on cartels. It presents a set of facts on cartel stability, dura- tion and profitability based on the findings of the cross-section literature.
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    Przyczyny upadku karteli
    (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu, 2009) Tokarski, Zbigniew
    Cartels lead to higher prices, less choice for consumers and have a negative impact on the whole industry by increasing the cost of goods and services. For all these reasons the detection, prosecution and punishment of secret agreements are the central elements of the Commission’s competition policy. This article presents determinants of cartels longevity and describes the most common causes of cartels breakdowns such as: cheating and disagreement, external shock and antitrust indictment.
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    Wybrane modele oligopolu i kartelu
    (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu, 2010) Tokarski, Zbigniew
    According to a definition an oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (which are called oligopolists). The decisions of one firm influence, and are at the same time influenced by, the decisions of other firms. In some situations, the firms may employ restrictive trade practices to raise prices and restrict production, this is known as cartel. There are many models describing the operation of an oligopolistic market. In this article the author wants to concentrate on describing and comparing series of simplified models based on classical economics (Stackelberg model, Cournot-Nash model, Bertrand model) as well as a game theory.