Psychologiczne predyktory bezpiecznych i ryzykownych zachowań drogowych: analiza cech osobowości i temperamentu u kierowców poj. samochodowych
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Celem pracy było określenie, w jakim stopniu wybrane cechy osobowości i temperamentu przewidują bezpieczne oraz ryzykowne zachowania drogowe u dorosłych kierowców pojazdów samochodowych. Badaniem objęto 81 osób w wieku 19–71 lat, w tym 22 kobiety i 59 mężczyzn. Cechy osobowości oceniono kwestionariuszem EPQ-R, obejmującym neurotyczność, ekstrawersję, psychotyczność oraz skalę kłamstwa. Właściwości temperamentu mierzono kwestionariuszem FCZ-KT(R), a zachowania drogowe analizowano za pomocą eksperymentalnej skali „Zachowania w Ruchu Drogowym”. Wskaźnik ryzykownych zachowań obliczono jako sumę iloczynów oceny niebezpieczeństwa sytuacji drogowej i deklarowanej częstości podejmowania danego zachowania. Wyniki wykazały, że spośród cech osobowości istotne znaczenie miała psychotyczność, dodatnio związana ze wskaźnikiem ryzyka i istotna w regresji . Cechy temperamentu nie wykazały istotnych korelacji, choć reaktywność emocjonalna osiągnęła poziom tendencji , a żwawość była istotna w modelu regresyjnym . Wiek korelował ujemnie ze wskaźnikiem ryzyka , a mężczyźni uzyskali wyższe wyniki niż kobiety. Wyniki wskazują, że ryzykowne zachowania drogowe mają charakter wieloczynnikowy, lecz najważniejszym psychologicznym predyktorem w badanej grupie była psychotyczność. Znaczenie temperamentu było słabsze i mniej jednoznaczne, natomiast wiek oraz płeć stanowiły istotny kontekst interpretacyjny. Uzyskane rezultaty mogą być wykorzystane w profilaktyce bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, zwłaszcza w działaniach dotyczących kontroli impulsów, odpowiedzialności i świadomości ryzyka u osób prowadzących pojazdy samochodowe.
The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which selected personality and temperament traits predict safe and risky driving behaviors among adult motor vehicle drivers. The study included 81 participants aged between 19 and 71 years, comprising 22 women and 59 men. Personality traits were assessed using the EPQ-R questionnaire, which measures neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and the lie scale. Temperament characteristics were measured using the FCZ-KT(R) questionnaire, while driving behaviors were analyzed using the experimental Road Traffic Behavior Scale. The risky behavior index was calculated as the sum of the products of the perceived danger of a traffic situation and the self-reported frequency of engaging in a given behavior. The results showed that, among the personality traits examined, psychoticism was of particular importance, being positively associated with the risk index and remaining a significant predictor in the regression analysis. Temperament traits did not demonstrate significant correlations with risky driving behavior, although emotional reactivity reached a trend level, and briskness proved significant in the regression model. Age was negatively correlated with the risk index, and men obtained higher scores than women. The findings indicate that risky driving behaviors are multifactorial in nature; however, psychoticism emerged as the most important psychological predictor within the studied group. The role of temperament was weaker and less conclusive, whereas age and gender provided important contextual factors for interpretation. The obtained results may be applied in road traffic safety prevention programs, particularly those aimed at improving impulse control, responsibility, and risk awareness among motor vehicle drivers.
The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which selected personality and temperament traits predict safe and risky driving behaviors among adult motor vehicle drivers. The study included 81 participants aged between 19 and 71 years, comprising 22 women and 59 men. Personality traits were assessed using the EPQ-R questionnaire, which measures neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and the lie scale. Temperament characteristics were measured using the FCZ-KT(R) questionnaire, while driving behaviors were analyzed using the experimental Road Traffic Behavior Scale. The risky behavior index was calculated as the sum of the products of the perceived danger of a traffic situation and the self-reported frequency of engaging in a given behavior. The results showed that, among the personality traits examined, psychoticism was of particular importance, being positively associated with the risk index and remaining a significant predictor in the regression analysis. Temperament traits did not demonstrate significant correlations with risky driving behavior, although emotional reactivity reached a trend level, and briskness proved significant in the regression model. Age was negatively correlated with the risk index, and men obtained higher scores than women. The findings indicate that risky driving behaviors are multifactorial in nature; however, psychoticism emerged as the most important psychological predictor within the studied group. The role of temperament was weaker and less conclusive, whereas age and gender provided important contextual factors for interpretation. The obtained results may be applied in road traffic safety prevention programs, particularly those aimed at improving impulse control, responsibility, and risk awareness among motor vehicle drivers.