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The Importance of Accountability for Innovation Development Viewed Through the Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital
(2017) Bubała-Wójcik, Joanna; Jacenko, Martyna; Wójcik-Jurkiewicz, Magdalena
Although the concept of accountability itself is not new and in the literature, it appeared about 40 years ago, business has started to realize its importance only recently. Accountability can be understood differently in English or nonEnglish languages. The examples of the most innovative companies demonstrate the culture with the characteristics of accountable organizations. Their innovation is in their culture and employees. Accountability as the important element of intellectual capital has the linkage to the innovation. Time will show if market and business are interested in the evaluation of accountability and its presentation in financial statements. The aim of the paper is to present the importance of accountability for innovation development as mediated by organizational culture and intellectual capital. It presents the theoretical concept of accountability as success factor of the innovation.
Risk Management Model in the Formulation Phase of the Technological Project
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Walaszczyk, Ludmiła
In the 2014-2020 perspective, the calls for proposals are mainly directed to the entrepreneurs. It provokes the necessity to prepare the project applications to the consulting company by the entrepreneurs themselves or to sub-contract it. However, the preparation of the proposals by the applicants is more rationale, because they know best what will be developed and how to justify it. On the other hand, while writing the applications, it is indispensable to consider all risks that might happen during the preparation process and which can influence the further phases of the project execution. The author of the article presents the theoretical background how risk can be managed. The main aim of this article is to design the model for risk management, which is dedicated to the formulation phase of the technological project. In the process of the model design, the author used direct interview and modelling methods. The application of this model enables the entrepreneurs to prepare the project application with all necessary aspects taken into consideration, which should be fulfilled; otherwise, the project application can be rejected.
Justificatton of Using Two Dimension Graphic Codes (Qr) in Marketirng Activities
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Szyjewski, Grzegorz; Fabisiak, Luiza
Modern models of marketing are used as methods of promotion, brand image building and sales support in organizations. All those activities are preceded with mainly ICT tools use. Modern models of marketing can help by using multimedia communication with interactivity, launched by two-dimensional graphic code. Two-dimensional QR codes create the connection between analog and digital marketing tools. The code saved and made available to the consumer in its printed form can be used as a gateway through which (often unaware) the customer becomes introduced to the world of electronic marketing. The potential of such promotion is enormous, and it is observable in the current marketing trends. However, it is worth considering whether the potential customers’ society is prepared to use that technology. The problem is that there is a risk that the code’s interactive post will never reach the recipient. The question which arises is about the effectiveness of the form’s message, in practical use. In order to verify the problem of the legitimacy of QR codes use, the source data was collected from the answers given to the question how well QR codes are recognized as a way of communication. The practical ability to use this channel of communication was also explored. The data was gathered from the electronic questionnaire, which was conducted among people between the age of 19-23. The decision model used in the work presents sequential decisionmaking, depending on the achieved situation.
Franchising as a Model of Business and Hotel Development in the Process of Market Globalization
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Sztorc, Małgorzata
The paper presents the structure of three hotel concerns operating in the European market, which has been formed over recent years due to their foreign expansion. At present, the global hotel market is occupied by both international hotel chains and autonomous hotels, for which the concept of franchising can be a suitable mode of operation. The most frequent presentation of the hotel business development is based on a dualistic approach: one involves bridging a development gap (the so-called development divergence), and the other involves the process of improving the position that an organization occupies in the environment (Machaczka, 1988). The globalization process in the modern economy leads to the internationalization of businesses. The aim of this paper is to present a model of business and hotel business development through franchising. The determinants of expansion and globalization factors are defined by the critical analysis of the literature. The corporate globalization model is analyzed, and the concept of offensive development and business expansion are indicated, which results from the application of franchise in the asset-light business model. In addition, the paper presents hotel concerns which employ this type of model of development and expansion into new markets.
The Necessity of Redefining the Principles of Process Management
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Szelągowski, Marek
The rapid development of process management and its practical uses stems from the changing conditions of business, which are the result of overlapping and mutually stimulating changes in business culture, social conventions, the development of information and communication technologies, as well as the process of globalization and changes in the principles of competition themselves. For several years now it has become apparent that practical methodologies and IT systems supporting the implementation and use of process management in organizations are developing at a much more rapid pace than their theoretical underpinnings. The 3rd wave of development of process management, which has been initiated around the year 2003, is becoming increasingly less responsive to the requirements of modern business. The first aim of this article is to stress the need for further theoretical reflection on traditional process management, which due to changes in the paradigms of the knowledge economy may be used in the case of a mere 20%-30% of the processes within the organization. The second aim of the article is to showcase the direction and the characteristics of the 4th wave of process management, which mostly stem from practical solutions. The article presents the development of BPMS and CMS systems and the implementation methodologies which use them, showing how both are becoming closer to one another, or rather, how both are turning in the direction brought about by the needs of the clients. This development has a fundamental significance for practitioners dealing with the preparation of tools and the implementation of methodologies pertaining to process management and knowledge management within organizations, by defining the direction of further development for both their systems and services. At the same time, it allows scholars researching process management to analyze and, if the need arises, introduce corrections to the concept of the 4th wave of BPM, as well as make insights into the effects of the change, which, for all intents and purposes, is ongoing.
Barriers for the Practical Use of Contemporary Management Methods in the SelfGovernment Sector
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Piszczek, Marzena
In the 80s of the last century, for the whole public sector, due to its low efficiency, old and inefficient administration model begun to replace gradually through multiple used in business management methods. Polish local authorities realize that to achieve beneficial effects is not possible without a modern management system that can help to improve the efficiency and the performance of local government. In addition, we see a lot of changes in economic, social and global, which have the negative impact on the functioning of the local government, and in particular, on its financial situation. In a clash with the growing expectations of the local communities, it forces local authorities to undertake specific activities. The aim of the article is to present selected tools of contemporary management in the local government sub-sector, in particular multi - year financial planning, annual planning in the form of task-based budgeting, public-private partnership and internal management control and audit in context of legal and organizational barriers which influence the effectiveness of their use.
The Meaning of Executive Controlling in Business Management - Results of the Research Survey
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Nesterak, Janusz; Malinovska, Olga
During several years of research on the state of controlling in Poland, attention was paid to several areas of how some modern enterprises are functioning. One of them is executive controlling, which should be considered as a strong and innovative determinant influencing the development of management methods in a modern enterprise. One of the fundamental requirements of executive controlling is the need to move from a functional operation system to an approach utilizing process management of an enterprise. The advantage of such a solution is the ability to quickly diagnose and continuously coordinate problems at their place of origin. The aim of this article is to present selected results of research on executive controlling issues, which were carried out on a group of 266 companies operating in Poland.
Social Media as a Source of Customer Knowledge – Potential and Limitations
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Kopera, Sebastian
Social media is gaining popularity as a rich and important source of knowledge about customers and markets. However, tourism organizations utilize its potential only to a limited degree. The goals of the presented text are: to explain this potential and to analyze barriers to the acquisition of customer knowledge by tourism organizations. A literature review will be applied along with the analysis of empirical data from one tourism institution and six business companies, to achieve those goals.
Forecasting Methods in Modern Enterprise Management
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Grzesica, Dariusz
The aim of the chapter is to describe advanced methods of forecasting used in modern, high-tech enterprises. One of them – the ARMA model considers the strong dependence between the individual observations, used for prediction of time series, characterized by high dynamics of change. Here will be explained the process of selection of its parameters, and method design of the model. Second – harmonic analysis – uses, in turn, the cyclicality of the time series by which to construct the model describing the time series and what is the forecast for future periods. The first method is a group of parametric models, the second one is nonparametric, and both use the nature of a change of time series. The use of these methods will be shown by example.
How to Build Competitive Edge Through Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs Comparison Analysis of Polish and Danish Enterprises
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Zajkowska, Monika
The processes taking place in the modern economy mean that the functioning of enterprises is constantly changing. The effects of these changes directly translate into the development of business entities. In this context, one should pay attention to those elements whose implementation in a functioning enterprise may give impetus to a faster development than a rival. One such element seems to be the implementation of the concept called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study aimed to find out the opinions of using CSR concept in the process of building competitive edge among entrepreneurs from the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) sector in Poland and Denmark. The choice of a partner country for Poland to conduct a comparative study was not accidental. Denmark is often mentioned as one of the most socially responsible countries in the world. Qualitative research was used to collect data. Between February and November 2016, ten individual in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises representing various industries (trade, services, production) in Poland and Denmark. Analysis of the results shows a similar level of development and use of CSR as a tool to build competitive advantage in Poland and Denmark, where all surveyed companies submitted such a declaration. The two main motivations for the respondents from the two surveyed countries differ widely. From Polish side, there is perception of CSR as a positive standard - a norm that is worth observing sets the framework for the action of contemporary companies and positively influences their image and willingness to act in accordance with its internal ethical standards. From Danish side, the most important reason for implementing CSR activity are: the company’s performance following its objectives, values, and vision and ensure the development of the company through the transparency of the operation.
Information and Knowledge Network Analysis in an Organization
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Ujwary-Gil, Anna
The article presents a selected organization from the perspective of its network of relations and ties. The main networks to be analyzed are the information network and the knowledge network, which constitute core elements of every organization’s operations. The article comprises theoretical considerations of information and knowledge as key intangible resources as well as information and knowledge networks. The research was based on a single case study in which the authors used the basic network measure, namely total degree centrality. Centralities are among the most popular measures which allow us to determine the prominences of network actors. Each network determines a different network of relations, such as: receiving and giving information and joint problem-solving, awareness of the knowledge and skills of other network actors as a necessary requirement for information and knowledge flow in an organization.
The Integrity as a Business Strengthening Factor in Times of Turbulent Global Economy
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Szymczyk, Katarzyna; Kadłubek, Marta
Navigating a business these days is certainly not an easy task. The business environment is highly competitive and dynamic where changes advance rapidly and thus; there exist those who excel in this business environment and those who are closing the doors. In the pursuit of money and customers in theses rapidly changing business conditions, today market actors may become tempted to take shortcuts and act half-heartedly or notably unfair just to overtake competitors and gain easy and fast income. Therefore, maintaining the integrity in an organization may become the critical challenge for modern businesspeople to retain the trust and loyalty of the employees, business partners, and customers and this paper focuses on these issues relying on Polish data and research results.
Employee Direct Participation in Organizational Change Process – Pilot Study Report
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Szelągowska-Rudzka, Katarzyna
Organizational changes are the most sustained and inseparable elements of contemporary organizations. They produce positive results when all employees are engaged. Employee direct participation is one of the most effective ways to involve members of the organization in changes. The author has developed a model of employee participation in a cycle of the organizational change process. Its empirical verification and presentation of the results of the study is the aim of this paper. The research was conducted by means of a direct questionnaire and involved 197 respondents from the organizations located in Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Revising Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct in a Social Enterprise
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Starnawska, Marzena
Entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) have received significant scholarly attention in entrepreneurship and management research, but mainly in the commercial context. However, some attempts discussing such behavior and EO among non-profit organizations, but limited in the social enterprise context. The literature argues that EO is higher in such contexts (Zahra, Gedajlovic, Neubaum & Shulman, 2009; Lumpkin, Moss, Grass, Kato & Amezcua, 2013). Also, some new EO dimensions are proposed, at the same time existing EO dimensions are redefined. Based on this limited literature, the author undertakes an overview of existing work on EO dimensions and analyses how EO can be reconstructed and redefined in the social enterprise context. New, additional EO dimensions are compiled and discussed: cooperation capacity, agility, and persistence. In the light of anecdotal, empirical efforts on EO construct and relationship to performance among social enterprises, it seems that EO needs more revision and theoretical discussion, combined with inductive and qualitative studies. This change can provide more insights into the nature of individual dimensions and their relevance for social and business performance of social enterprises. It also poses the question whether EO dimensions should go beyond the split between what is commercial and social in social enterprises, and encompass both or whether focus separately on each of the two.
Personnel Process in a Project – the Form and Implementation Practice
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Piwowar-Sulej, Katarzyna
The literature focused on project-based management is frequently discussing the problems of team management. The activities addressed to project team members can be approached from the perspective process. Personnel process should represent the set of interrelated, coordinated activities contributing to the project goal implementation. The purpose of the article is to provide an answer – based on literature studies and empirical research – to the questions regarding the implementation methods of personnel process stages in a project, the occurring shortcomings, the process integrity, and changes to be made for its improvement.
Career Shaping of a Talented Employee
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Mazurkiewicz, Anna
Contemporary career is perceived more like an individual’s property, as opposed to the traditional understanding of an organization property or profession. The principal responsibility for its shape and conduct is taken over by an employee. It is interpreted primarily in a personal, subjective way. Career paths are created in time, space, which will be recognized by an individual as beneficial. Also, the career direction and the interpretation of its success have an individual dimension. This observation is particularly relevant for talented individuals who have a disproportionate impact on the organization performance. If they leave the organization, it poses a serious threat to its functioning and development. Talent management is interpreted primarily taking into account the organizational aspect. It is, therefore, important to build employees’ relationships with the organization, which requires both strategic and individual perspective.
General Research Profiling for the Concept of a ‘Learning Organization’
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Lis, Andrzej
The idea of a learning organization has become one of the most prominent contemporary management concepts which attract the attention of the new ranks of researchers. The growing interest of researchers increases the number of publications related to the issue of a learning organization. Nevertheless, so far, the field of the study has not mapped thoroughly, which seems to be a gap in the body of knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to conduct general research profiling of the studies related to the concept of a learning organization based on the data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The key research profiling criteria included in the study are: a publication year, a number of citations, a country/territory, an institution, a source title and an author(s). The study is concluded with the thematic analysis of the most influential papers in the field. The paper is the first step to conduct the comprehensive research profiling of the studies on learning organizations. Further studies will be focused on subject area profiling and full-range topic profiling.
Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility: Research Topic Profiling
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Lis, Andrzej; Czerniachowicz, Barbara; Wieczorek-Szymańska, Anna
The issue of a relationship between leadership and corporate social responsibility is getting more popular and is examined in different contexts. For this reason, the aim of the paper is to map trends in the research on the interface between leadership and corporate social responsibility. Topic profiling methodology is applied to scan a wide body of publications in order to identify key topics and research patterns. The data for analysis were retrieved from Scopus database. The paper discusses the following areas: general topic profiling, journals/topics profiling, authors/topics profiling, subject areas/ topics profiling, core references/topics profiling. Finally, the article provides conclusions and recommendations for further studies.
The Role of Knowledge Workers in Creating Innovative Solutions in Modern Company
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Igielski, Michał
In this article, the author selected a topic related to the problems that businesses face. This is the result of permanent changes that occur in the surrounding environment. Taking into account the nature of these turbulences and all the determinants of the modern economy, the author states that in the 21st century the success of companies relies heavily on intangible resources (e.g., knowledge) and the potential of staff. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to define the role of knowledge workers in creating innovative solutions for their companies. For this purpose, the author described: contemporary market determinants and characterized the skills and competence of knowledge workers. In addition, the author presented part of the results of the study conducted in 2016, which covered 100 medium–sized enterprises from the Małopolskie Voivodship. Of course, during the research process, the biggest problem was identifying knowledge workers (special criteria were needed to identify them). However, by analyzing the situation in other countries in Europe, we can say that the positive influence of these people on creating new solutions or improving the quality of already existing products or services is unquestionable. This is why it is important to create this group of people optimal working conditions to make the most of their potential.
Activities of Trade Unions in Companies Owned by the State Treasury as a Source of Organizational Pathologies
(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis University in Nowy Sącz and Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science “Cognitione”, 2017) Choroszczak, Jerzy
The following paper presents areas of trade unions activities in companies owned by the State Treasury, which may be a source of organizational pathologies. The author analyses the structure, privileges, and rights of trade unions in Poland. The functioning of trade unions in companies owned by the State Treasury is subject to deeper analysis. Indications have been identified in this area that the number of trade unions in companies owned by the State Treasury is significantly higher than in private companies, especially service ones. An important part of this paper is the analysis of specific trade unions activities leading to the development of organizational pathologies in companies owned by the State Treasury.

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